Hearing Loss in the Elderly: Is the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly - Screening Version Effective in Diagnosis When Compared to the Audiometric Test?

Abstract Introduction Hearing losses inherent to the natural process of aging represent today a major public health issue, despite the little attention that their adequate care still receives. Early recognition and proper management of these shortcomings can significantly improve hearing, as well as the patient's general quality of life, reducing the overall impact of this important and prevalent condition of the aging process. Objective The aim of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly - Screening Version (HHIE-S) in the diagnosis of hearing loss in the elderly when compared with the audiometric test. Methods Through a cross-sectional study, our target population was composed of 138 individuals, aged over 60 and with any otorhinolaryngological complaints, recruited at the Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Speech Therapy of the Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema), in the city ofMarília, SP, Brazil. Patients already in the process of auditory rehabilitation were excluded, as well as those who did not demonstrate the minimum level of oral understanding necessary to allow the interview. Results The prevalence of hearing loss according to the questionnaire was of 76.1%, while audiometry showed 79.7%. We found the diagnostic accuracy of the instrument to be of 86.2%, with a sensitivity of 89.1% and a specificity of 75.0%, regardless of gender. Conclusion Thereby, we conclude that the standardized questionnaire under rating is suitable for the screening of hearing loss in the elderly, given its high accuracy and userfriendly quality.

Perfil da automedicação nos pacientes otorrinolaringológicos / Self-medication profile of ENT patients

OBJETIVO: Descrever os hábitos de automedicação praticados pelos pacientes portadores de afecções otorrinolaringológicas, visando caracterizar aspectos problemáticos passíveis de intervenção. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo descritivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Utilizamos como instrumento para a obtenção dos dados deste trabalho um questionário em formato de testes de múltipla escolha, contendo 17 questões sobre os hábitos de automedicação, distribuído a pacientes atendidos na clínica de otorrinolaringologia do Instituto Penido Burnier, durante o mês de julho de 2003. RESULTADO: Aproximadamente 83 por cento dos pacientes relataram já ter usado ou comprado medicação sem apresentação da receita médica. Porém, desse total, 73 por cento responderam que tal medicação não requeria "apresentação obrigatória" da receita para a sua compra. Os mais utilizados foram: analgésicos/antitérmicos (90 por cento), seguidos pelos antigripais (78 por cento) e pelos AINEs (69 por cento). Os antibióticos apareceram em 8 (11 por cento). Com relação aos motivos ou doenças que os pacientes acreditavam possuir, as cefaléias (76 por cento), que justificassem a automedicação, observamos: em 1 seguidas por resfriados/gripes (74 por cento) e por quadros febris (56 por cento). Já as otites apareceram em último lugar (12 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho demonstra a necessidade de contínuas campanhas informativas e conscientizadoras da população em geral quanto aos riscos de uma automedicação desnecessária ou equivocada, além da devida regulamentação e fiscalização do mercado farmacêutico pelas autoridades competentes.

AIM: To describe self-medication habits of patients with otorhinolaryngological disorders to characterize problematic aspects in order to manage and correct them. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multiple-choice questionnaire was used to obtain the data, consisting of 17 questions about self-medication habits. It was distributed to the patients assisted in our ENT clinic, in July/2003. RESULTS: Approximately 83 percent of the admitted patients have practiced self-medication (without medical prescription). However, 73 percent of them stated that it wasnÆt mandatory to present a prescription in order to obtain the medicine. The most utilized drugs were: analgesics/antipyretics (90 percent), cold and flu drugs (78 percent), and NSAIDs (69 percent); antibiotics were the 8th (11 percent). Among the reasons or diseases patients believed to suffer from that justified the self-medication practice, we observed: headaches (76 percent), cold/flu (74 percent) and nonspecific febrile illnesses (56 percent); otitis, in general, was the last (12 percent). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the need for continuous educational programs about the risks of self-medication, besides appropriate governmental regulation and inspection.